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The article puts the Monroe Doctrine in the context of the early American empire-building project
connecting essential goals of contemporary American elites, namely, securing U.S. continental
expansion, and gaining control of trade relations with Asia. The Monroe Doctrine was thus not
a tool of imperialism vis-à-vis Spanish American republics, but a bulwark against major European
powers on the Western hemisphere to fulfill American “manifest destiny.” The article examines
the precursors of the doctrine, the circumstances of its formulation, and its early applications.
Originally a tool to ward off European encroachments, the Monroe Doctrine later became
mostly seen in the context of a broader Anglo–American rivalry on the Pacific coast and beyond,
and only became a rhetorical tool for U.S. domination of its southern neighbours by the 1890s.
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