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A denevérek (Chiroptera) járványtani jelentősége Európában, különös tekintettel vérszívó külső élősködőikre és az általuk terjeszthető (vector-borne) kórokozókra
Epidemiological significance of bats (Chiroptera) in Europe, with emphasis on their bloodsucking ectoparasites as potential transmitters of vector-borne pathogens
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SUMMARY
Invasion of men into bat habitats and adaptation of bats to urban areas
increased the chances for contact between humans and bats. Bats and their
blood-sucking ectoparasites are recognized to be natural reservoirs of a large
variety of pathogens – including viruses, bacteria, protozoa and fungi –, among
them many with zoonotic potential to infect humans. In Europe the number of
human disease cases that may have originated from contact with bats (or may
have resulted from their proximity) appears to be lower, than in the tropics, but
the epidemiological risks associated with bat-borne pathogens should not be
discounted on our continent. On the other hand, bat species in Hungary are
protected, and some of them are endangered or threatened by local extinction.
The significance of bats in the ecosystem is undisputable; therefore protection
of bat habitats may have the mutual benefit of natural conservation and reduction
of epidemiological
consequences of bat entry into human settlements.
Here, based on most recent literature data, the authors summarize (mainly vector-
borne) pathogens carried by bats. It is emphasized that various ecological,
physiological and geographical factors (such as the habitat, seasonal activity,
migration distance of bat species) may significantly influence the abundance of
arthropods and the prevalence of associated vector-borne agents getting into
contact with bats either as ectoparasites or prey items.
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