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SUMMARY
The authors review the current knowledge about Dictyocaulus lungworms based
on the scientific publications: their taxonomy, life history, physiology of dictyocaulosis, and management possibilities, as well. Lungworm (Dictyocaulus spp.)
infection in ruminants and horse is a well known problem for livestock farmers
and wildlife managers throughout the world. The reason of sporadic outbreaks
of dictyocaulosis in domestic animals is not completely understood, but it has
been suggested that wild animals may serve as reservoirs of the parasites. Lungworms are considered to be the most important parasites in deer (Cervidae).
D. viviparus is widespread in cattle in temperate zone, while D. filaria is common
in sheep and goats. There are evidences that a few Dictyocaulus species exist in
wild ruminants in Europe (D. capreolus, D. eckerti, D. filaria, D. viviparus). It is often
difficult to distinguish morphologically the closely related Dictyocaulus species,
but molecular markers provide a powerful means to define them. Resistance to
current anthelminthics is now widespread and commonplace, motivating the
search for other control methods. The drug resistance in lungworms has not
been established yet, however, it is possible. With increased knowledge about
lungworms it is possible to find weak points in its lifecycle and hence to improve
control methods.
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