Háromszék első magyar telepesei és a határvédelem

The Earliest Hungarian Settlers of Háromszék and the Frontier Defence

Rácz, Tibor Ákos

Kovács Kiss Gyöngy

Egyed Emese

Ilyés Szilárd-Zoltán

Kerekes György

Kovács András

Szász Alpár Zoltán

Tánczos Vilmos

Veress Károly

Erdélyi Múzeum-Egyesület

2013-01-23T07:27:12Z

2013-01-23T07:27:12Z

2003

2003

székelyek

letelepedés

ásatás

kora Árpád-kor

temető

The first summing up regarding the settling history of Háromszék was published in 1929 by József Erőss. Historical, linguistical and archaeological data were collected since then, thus the possibility of a new synthesis was created. The present study concentrates on the early Arpadian age settling history of Háromszék, and, in association with this, draws the a ttention to the importance of the so-called enclaves, county-islands wedging in the territory of Szeklerland. The coming into being of the enclaves can be connected to hungarian inhabitants, living here before the colonization of the Szeklers. The first Szeklers arrived to their present-day dwelling-place only in the second half of the 12th century; in the outer parts they made their appearance at the beginning of the 13th century. Therefore, the typically hungarian archaeological assemblages of the 11-12th century discovered in this region are of great importance. For example: the 12-13th century grave-goods from the cemeteries of Zabola and Petőfalva, the 11-12th century subterranean one-roomed houses and Byzantine coin findings from Csernát on. The settlement excavations at Torja, Bedeháza, Sepsikilyén, Angyalos and Réty unearthed wavy-lined and bottom-stamped pottery, stew-pots, stirrup and arrow-heads. Linguistical evidences are reconcilable with the archaeological results: early Arpadian age place-names can be found in Háromszék. Written sources referring to the medieval county-organization suggest that before the appearance of the Szeklers the territory of Háromszék was part of the Fehér county, which extended over the whole south-east Transylvania. At the beginning of the 13th century we have to reckon with sporadic landed properties and se veral groups of inhabitants. Szekler and Saxon colonizations divided th e former large territory into different parts, since the newcomers benefited from autonomy and privileged legal relations. They could not be subjected to the county. Otherwise, the possessions of the landlords - now surrounded by Szekler and Saxon communities - were left undisturbed, and lived on until the 19th century. According to the above, the oppinion of the conquering of Transylvania in more phases is groundless. In the 11-13th century Transylvan ia wasn’t partitioned by political frontiers.

1-15 old.

magyar

angol

article

PDF

application/pdf

1453-0961

http://hdl.handle.net/10598/25665

Erdélyi Múzeum-Egyesület

Erdélyi Múzeum LXV, 2003. 1-2. füzet

Erdély

Székelyföld

Erdélyi Múzeum-Egyesület