Gabriel Bethlen şi politica economică şi militară față de comitatul Maramureş

Gabriel Bethlen and his Economic and Military Policy Concerning the Maramureş County

Ardelean, Livia

2018-09-13T11:27:28Z

2018-09-13T11:27:28Z

2014

2014

Bethlen Gábor

történelem

Ștefan Bethlen

politica mercantilistă

arendarea sării

domeniul Coștiui

domeniul Bocicoi

limitaţii

micii nobili maramureșeni

înnobilări armaliste

One of the strongest personalities of the seventeenth century, Prince Gabriel Bethlen, was the first who succeeded, through his mercantilist policy, in bringing the Maramures county and Transylvania closer, by applying a policy to level the economic and social lives of the two territories. The practice of massive ennoblement of over 200 residents from the fi ve Maramuresian cities (Sighet, Hust, Teceu, Câmpulung, Visk) (nobles with only letters patent, nobles armales) and of a relatively large number of small Romanian nobles or even peasants has given the Prince an important military support, even if sometimes the military occupation was paid with money. It’s the case of the year 1616 when the residents of Maramureș paid a huge military tax worth 3000 florins, so that they could be excused from the participation at the expedition to siege Lipova stronghold. One of the most important economic aspects related to the economic policy of the Prince was the leasing of the royal goods, especially the domain and the salt mines (which brought upon the greatest revenues in Maramureș) to some nobles from another county, act which opened the way to the movement of some great noble families in the region. Th is is the case of the Bethlen family, which entered moved in Maramureș with the help of the Prince’s loyal brother, Ștefan Bethlen, named county head of Maramureș, Teleki, Bornemisza etc. The economic policy was strengthened by the countless price limitations, which determined a powerful position of the residents of Maramures and brought upon the creation of an illegal market consisting mostly of animals and hides, given the custom of the region in practicing intense trade of animals, both in the inside the county, as well as in Poland and Hungary. Additionally, aside intervening in the economic mercantilist policy, Prince Gabriel Bethlen also intervened in the teaching system, through the creation, in 1624, of a scholarship for the reformed school in Sighet. He granted sums of money from the income of the salt mines of Maramureș to maintain the school and pupils, act which brought upon the advance of literacy. Concerning the pressure on the Romanian people to move to the reformed religion, comparing to other Princes, Gabriel Bethlen exerted a moderate pressure, being considered a relatively liberal Prince regarding this aspect.

509-515. old.

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