Az unió kérdése az 1614. évi medgyesi rendi gyűlésen

The Question of Union at the General Assembly of the Estates in Medgyes/Mediaş, 1614

Oborni, Teréz

Edélyi Múzeum-Egyesület

2018-09-13T11:27:20Z

2018-09-13T11:27:20Z

2014

2014

Bethlen Gábor

történelem

unió

három nemzet

az Erdélyi Fejedelemség rendjei

országgyűlés

szászok

estates of the Principality of Transylvania

General Assembly (Diet) of the Principality

Saxons

The so-called Union, that is the alliance of the three nations was the basis of the constitution of the Principality of Transylvania since its formation in the 1540’s. At the time of Gabriel Bethlen’s accession the alliance of the estates of Transylvania was disintegrating, mainly because the Saxons, who inclined towards the Habsburgs, did not support the new Prince. They feared that Bethlen would continue his predecessor’s policy against the Saxon community. Therefore, the Saxons did not want to take the oath of allegiance and refused obedience. They also wanted to take back their capital city, Nagyszeben (Sibiu/Hermannstadt), which had violently been occupied and declared residence of the princely court by Prince Gabriel Báthory. At the general assembly of the estates in 1614, in order to ensure his power Bethlen tried to reconcile with estates, including the Saxons. Th e estates, on the other hand, imposed their particular conditions on the Prince. Bethlen yielded to the requests, and to appease the Saxons, his court and soldiers left Nagyszeben (18 February 1614), and at the opening of the Diet (25 February 1614) proposed to renew the Union. He also re-formulated the concept of the Union as follows: “this is a holy alliance of the three nations to safeguard our common homeland, which should be preserved by all estates pacis et belli tempore.” Bethlen also proposed to create a new kind of treasury – aerarium publicum – beyond the fiscus of the state, and asked the estates to contribute to its revenues. However, the estates refused his proposal. Bethlen propositions aimed at strengthening the unity of the estates. He recommended establishing a new seven-person judicial court, which was to protect the unity, but the estates refused this proposal, too. The conception of the Union became more extended in the fi rst half of the seventeenth century. The Union ensured the unity of the state i.e., the unity of the three nations, while every nation guaranteed the privileges and liberties of the other.

249-258. old.

magyar

angol

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https://eda.eme.ro/xmlui/handle/10598/30587

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